Gravity is a Force of Repulsion

Dear Cosmological Ladies and Gentlemen,

 As the bearer of the line, to whom I graciously as you to listen, will explain to you in more detail, how because of the “wrong” galaxy spin rates and expansion rate of the universe, I have hit upon a desperate remedy to spare having to find what in reality may not be there and clarify our understanding of the universe, namely, the possibility that the force of gravity is a force of repulsion and not a force of attraction. It makes sense to the humble soul and is in line with the laws of conservation of energy, that to introduce something be it matter or energy (and the warping of space associated with it) where there previously existed nothing takes energy rather than gains energy. Or in effect empty or near empty space exerts a negative force against anything that intrudes upon it. 

 Consider the following thought, a spinning universe is not pulled together rather it is pushed together by the “empty space” around it. I've dubbed this force the weight of the universe since it is dependent on the warping of space caused by all the mass with in reach. Consider the following thought experiment, say we were able to build a space ship and traveled to the edge of the universe. As we traveled beyond the edge of the universe all the mass of the universe would fall behind us and we would have the total gravitational pull (or push against us) caused by the universe. Every point throughout the universe has to some extent or the other the total weight of the universe acting upon it only that since we are inside the universe there is much balancing taking place. 

 Once the force of gravity is turned upside down and we better understand the way it works it will have dramatic effects on the apparent need for dark matter and dark energy. 

 I agree that my solution could seem incredible because it fly’s in the face of Newton and Einstein but only the one who dare can win the difficult situation facing cosmology.

 We owe it to ourselves for the advancement of science and to those funding research in this field the effort to discuss every solution to this issue. Dear Cosmological people, look and judge. With my best regards to you, and my apologies to Wolfgang Pauli.

 Your humble servant,

Ted Noonchester

How to be a writer

My opinion, begin by keeping a journal, and write about things you love or feel compelled to write about. I think to be a happy writer you need to write for the love of writing, not with a focus on making money. Read the kind of writing you're interested in, then practice the writing skills that you like that you find in your reading. You can learn the writing skills also by going to school and taking writing classes. I've taken writing classes and never enjoyed them. Then practice, practice, practice become good at storytelling and using words to create a world that the reader believes and feels comfortable in. If you achieve that, almost anything you write will be special because you will then be creator of worlds, and able to take your reader on travels through space and time and experience life through the eyes of your characters.

Time part 2

Time is the ability for things (matter and energy) to move, it is all the forms of energy that make things move, it is gravity, momentum, heat, radiation (light, radiation), mechanical energy (coiled springs and the like), chemical energy…think about it. If all these energies were to stop time would stop, many scientists have stated that there is no reason that time cannot go “backwards” and this is true all the forces of energy moving everything in the present “future” direction could be turned around and have them go back, but really is it realistic to stop the earth and make it turn the other way round? or the sun? the planets? or the stars?  

To really make time go backward it would literally take all the energy in the universe.

We perceive the “flow” of time as we experience the movement of all the “things” (matter and energy) around us. I see ourselves as stationary in a flowing river or a wind storm, people, events and things drift by us for a while only to perhaps leave and perhaps come back again. We are stationary in the present, we meet each other in the present, we experience events in the present. We’ve learned from past events how to predict the future (using the laws of physics that matter and energy must abide by) at least well enough to get along in our world. Of course there is no predicting some things…like the action and reaction of people. 

So a picture of time might look something like Dorothy’s house in the wizard of Oz when it was picked up by the cyclone and carried to the land of Oz. But we are not in a house and alone seeing people, places, things and events coming and going around us as we fly through life.  

Time for us stops if we die, all the futures…events and interactions we could have experienced would come to an end. Our experience in the physical world would be over and only our experience outside of the physical world, some might call spiritual world would remain.  

On Time

Let’s try a thought experiment and create an incredibly simple universe. This universe is a closed universe consisting of nothing but a board with squares marked on it and a token and we are in total control. The token starts in one corner of the board and (over time) moves toward the center (forward motion of time). This is our (very limited universe) and we have control over time. After 4 time segments the token has moved 4 squares. At any given point or segment in time how many tokens is there?…one.

Now let’s move time backwards, one segment at a time until T=0 equals T=*0…at any given point or segment in time how many tokens are there?…one. Is there any difference between T=0 and T=*0? It is the exact same board, the exact same token in the exact same position, in this simple universe it is as if no “time” has passed.

But what happened?... As time passed the token “moved”...time is the ability for things (matter and energy) to move. In order to “stop” time all energy must be stopped or frozen so that things cannot move and give us the impression of the passage of time. 

In our closed board and token universe, if the token never moves neither does time. The same is true for our more complicated world. If all movement stopped, if all the different kinds of energy were stopped, nothing would move and time would “stop”. 

To go back in time in our universe we would have to “move” everything backwards, reverse the forces of energy acting on everything and put everything back the way it was at the point in time we are trying to get to. It sounds pretty ridiculous and it is. So let’s try the alternative that some scientists propose.

The thought is that there at every instance that there are multiple futures and it is possible to go back in time and see for ourselves…Let’s try it with our board and token closed universe. We start at T=0 and go thru the same exercise but now our token meets itself.

What happened here? We had a closed universe but now out of no-where the amount of matter (tokens) in the universe doubled. 

But it doesn’t end there! Each moment in time is a possible past that we can go back to visit. Now our universe begins to look like this…

Now our supposedly closed universe in only four segments has five times as much matter in it. But time is infinitely divisible, so in reality there are now an infinite number of tokens in our supposedly closed universe. 

If this were the way the universe really is then we couldn’t backup without bumping into ourselves. 

Conclusion #1, Time as a dimension doesn’t exist, Einstein was able to treat time as a dimension to solve mathematical problems but that doesn’t prove the existence of time as a dimension or make it a dimension. 

Conclusion #2, a good definition of time is "the method by which people can keep track of the movement of things in the present" (by comparing the movement of some things, like clocks, against other things). 

The idea of time not as a reality but as a measure or concept was well known to the ancient Greeks (Antiphon, Parmenides and others) and Buddhist’s have thought of time as an illusion for thousands of years. Newton confused the concept of time by identifying it as an “absolute” and Einstein’s successful use of time as a dimension to solve physics problems ensured that the concept of time as a dimension will be a problem long into the future. 

Time travel is an interesting fantasy and makes for great movies but time travel is only one way…forward, even if moving in a backward direction. :)

(Note, there is a true “force” of time (not dimension) but it deals with decay of sub atomic particles. But that is another story).

Being

What makes an individual (being) unique is a combination of knowledge, experiences and body. Given the same knowledge, the same experiences and the same body, any two persons would be the same. This has significant and dramatic consequences. It means that all people are the same. Each person if born into another person’s body, and having the same experiences, and gaining the same knowledge, would be that other person. This means that one person looking into the eyes of another person, should be able to see themselves. Had it not been for fate or the act of some divine being, each person could have been the other. The adage that People should treat each other as they would treat themselves gains new relevance because all beings really are the same.

Dimensions

To put together a universe (or anything else) you need building blocks, the most basic of which are dimensions. How many dimensions are needed depends on who you ask. Some might say seven; others would say that it cannot be done without twenty-seven. The preferred number is of course the lowest number that gets the job done, and this (hopefully) is the number that corresponds to reality.

There are the common dimensions that we deal with every day. We know them as “3D” or length, width, and breadth and most add a forth dimension time. There have been many debates about whether time is a dimension or not. To judge whether time is a dimension or not, we must first set some criteria for our definition of a dimension.

True dimensions are interchangeable, length is interchangeable with height and width. All that needs to be done is change the orientation and there you have another length. No matter what orientation is chosen time does not change into length.

Dimensions can be measured often, repeatedly if desired. We can measure time, but once we have measured an event we cannot measure the same event again. For example, we can measure the length of a yard stick repeatedly, but we cannot measure the length of time of an Olympic race but once. We can run the race again, but for any given race we can only measure it once. Of course we can make a film or video recording of the event, but we would then be measuring the length of the recording on a tape, not the event itself.

 
Dimensions have a connection with one another. Our 3D world meets at right angles with one another and at any given point contacts or intersects each of the other dimensions. Time coexists with 3D, but 3D is oblivious to time. Nowhere can time be found to intersect or to meet with 3D.
Dimensions can be traveled in, forward, and back. There is no place in 3D that we can go, travel, or stand still (under normal circumstances ) that influences time. Try as we may, time has proven itself impossible to travel forward and backward in. There is no way to travel in time the same way we travel in 3D. Time treads on oblivious to what is going on in 3D.

Given these definitions of a dimension, time looses out.

Knowledge

There are different kinds of knowledge, knowledge is and encompasses a whole world to explore in the universe of thought. There is knowledge gained from books which is limited to a linear presentation (straight line, word after word) and is shaded and colored by linguistics (the meanings of words and their presentation). Book knowledge and written knowledge is like a string which can be colored, twisted, turned, manipulated and is frequently misunderstood. We are limited greatly in using the written form of communication, however with patience and understanding and cooperation we can take this string and knit it into objects, thoughts, feelings, connections, friends, groups, actions, creations, beauty, understanding, peace, love…